A patent is an industrial property certificate that certifies a technical invention as new, involving an inventive step, and being industrially applicable.
A patent grants the inventor exclusive rights over the invention for a specific period (generally 20 years).
These rights include preventing the unauthorized manufacture, sale, use, or import of the invention.
For an invention to be granted a patent, it must meet three main criteria:
| Criterion | Description |
|---|---|
| Novelty | Must not have been disclosed publicly anywhere in the world before (including publication, sale, exhibition, social media, etc.) |
| Inventive Step | Must be a technical solution not obvious to a person skilled in the field |
| Industrial Applicability | Must be producible or applicable in industry |
| Feature | Patent | Utility Model |
|---|---|---|
| Protection Period | 20 years | 10 years |
| Examination Requirement | Yes (Search + Examination) | No (Search only) |
| Scope | Includes product, process, chemical composition | Excludes process/chemical composition |
| Cost and Duration | Higher and longer | Lower and shorter |
Examined Patent
Search and detailed examination are carried out; provides 20 years of protection.
Unexamined Patent (Abolished in Turkey after 2017)
Based only on a search report; shorter duration.
International Patent Application (PCT)
Allows filing in multiple countries with a single application.
European Patent (EPC)
Valid in countries party to the European Patent Convention.
New machines, devices, systems
Production methods
Chemical compositions
Electronic circuits
Software-based technical solutions (only if they provide technical contribution)
Discoveries, scientific theories, mathematical methods
Methods of mental activities, business methods
Aesthetic designs (subject to industrial design registration instead)
Computer programs (as algorithms only)
Inventions contrary to public order and morality
Application Preparation
Draft description, claims, abstract, and technical drawings.
Application Submission
Through e-Government portal or via patent attorney.
Formal Examination
Check for completeness and format compliance.
Search Report
Determine novelty status.
Examination Request
Assess inventive step and industrial applicability.
Granting of Patent
Patent is registered if requirements are met.
Annual Fees
Must be paid during the protection period.
Duration: 2–5 years (national), 3–7 years (international applications)
Cost: Depends on application scope, attorney involvement, and international coverage.
Exclusive right to use the invention
Ability to license or assign rights
Right to file lawsuits and claim damages in case of infringement
Prevent importation and sale without consent
Pay annual fees on time
Correctly declare the true inventor
Officially notify licensing/transfer transactions
Market protection: Prevent competitors from entering the market
Licensing revenue: Generate income by licensing technology
Attracting investment: Patents provide strong assurance to investors
Portfolio management: Surround the technology with multiple patents
With our professional consultancy services, we provide you with the most accurate guidance in support, incentive, and certification processes. With our expert team, you can find clear answers to your questions and discover the most suitable solutions for your needs.
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